Research, films and data sources for understanding materials and their supply chains.
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Official price, currency and mineral information. Check each source’s definitions and update dates.
World Bank
The Pink Sheet brings together historical commodity prices and definitions; the same source underpins the monthly metal benchmarks on this site.
Compare broad commodity movements across time and check the specification, unit and price basis before using a series.
Monthly commodity averages are context. They are not executable prices for a particular scrap lot, alloy or grade.
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European Central Bank
Official currency reference rates and downloadable history, with the source’s calculation method and publication calendar.
Understand currency effects when comparing material values quoted in different currencies.
Reference rates are informational. Actual conversion prices, fees and settlement terms depend on the transaction.
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U.S. Geological Survey
Mineral statistics, commodity summaries and publications covering production, trade, supply and use.
Start material-specific supply research with a dated institutional source and its stated definitions.
Use the date and scope of the individual report. Resources, reserves, production and recoverable output describe different quantities.
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Research on nodule habitats and disturbance, with unresolved questions kept visible.
Nature Geoscience · Sweetman et al.
Reports oxygen observations in seabed experiments and proposes an explanation involving polymetallic nodules.
Read the experiment and proposed mechanism directly, alongside its limitations and later editorial context.
An editor’s note dated 8 April 2026 says concerns about aspects of the article are being considered. The mechanism remains unresolved; this is not a validated oxygen-production process.
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Scientific Reports · Simon-Lledó et al.
Examines seabed communities decades after the DISCOL disturbance experiment in the Peru Basin and reports persistent ecological differences.
Provides a long-term study behind discussion of seabed disturbance and recovery.
DISCOL simulated disturbance with a plough harrow. It was not commercial nodule extraction; the location, method and scale limit direct extrapolation.
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Auralis
Explores nodules as habitat, the dark-oxygen debate and arguments for caution about seabed extraction.
Introduces the ecological questions and competing interpretations, with a creator bibliography for further reading.
The film includes disputed hypotheses, advocacy and an imagined future scene. Its bibliography is a research starting point, not independent verification of every claim.
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Films connecting material demand, extraction choices, repair and recovery.
Auralis and Natural World Facts
Connects digital infrastructure to mineral supply chains and weighs seabed extraction against land-mining harms, repair, reuse and recycling.
Offers a starting point for examining material demand and recovery across the supply chain.
Market figures and technical comparisons are dated claims in the film. They need separate verification before use in a price model or engineering decision.
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